Evaluation of breastfeeding success and self-efficacy in mothers giving birth via vaginal delivery or cesarean section: a cross-sectional study.

This cross-sectional observational study was conducted to compare breastfeeding success and breastfeeding self-efficacy levels of mothers who gave birth via vaginal delivery (spontaneous or via epidural analgesia) or cesarean section (under general or spinal anesthesia). The study was conducted between September 2019 and February 2020 in the obstetric clinic. Data were collected using a Data Collection Form, the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF), and the LATCH Breastfeeding Evaluation Tool. Throughout the study, we followed the STROBE Checklist. Mothers who gave birth via spontaneous vaginal delivery had a statistically higher mean Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy score (54.92 ± 7.72; p < .001) than those who gave birth under spinal anesthesia (43.21 ± 10.04; p < .001) and then those who gave birth via cesarean section under general anesthesia (37.39 ± 10.64; p < .001). The difference between the delivery modes in terms of breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding success scores was statistically significant (respectively, KW = 40.168, p < .001 and KW = 52.420, p < .001). In order to increase the breastfeeding success of mothers who give birth via cesarean section under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia, lactation nurses need to strengthen the perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy and provide more breastfeeding support to them compared to mothers who give birth via SVD.

Individual hygiene behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hygiene behaviors of individuals during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHOD: During the pandemic (April 2021-September 2021), 439 adults were surveyed online via Google Forms, which assessed the individuals' introductory information and hygiene behaviors as determined by the COVID-19 Hygiene Scale. RESULTS: Out of the participants, 71.3% were female and 68.3% were 18-33 years old. The mean COVID-19 Hygiene Scale score of the participants was 94.62 ± 26.56. Individuals belonging to the 18-33 years age group had significantly higher hand hygiene scores than the other age groups (p < 0.05). Women showed a higher mean total and subdomain scores in the COVID-19 Hygiene Scale than men. A significant difference between the social distance and mask use and hand hygiene subdomains was observed (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The hand hygiene scores of the individuals varied by age and gender, whereas the social distance and mask use scores varied by only gender. Based on the above mentioned results, the nurses should focus on the individuals' development of effective hygiene behaviors, and schedule and implement trainings according to the sociodemographic differences among the individuals.

Individual hygiene behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic / Comportamentos individuais de higiene durante a pandemia de COVID-19 / Conductas individuales de higiene durante la pandemia de COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the hygiene behaviors of individuals during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Method: During the pandemic (April 2021-September 2021), 439 adults were surveyed online via Google Forms, which assessed the individuals' introductory information and hygiene behaviors as determined by the COVID-19 Hygiene Scale. Results: Out of the participants, 71.3% were female and 68.3% were 18-33 years old. The mean COVID-19 Hygiene Scale score of the participants was 94.62 ± 26.56. Individuals belonging to the 18-33 years age group had significantly higher hand hygiene scores than the other age groups (p < 0.05). Women showed a higher mean total and subdomain scores in the COVID-19 Hygiene Scale than men. A significant difference between the social distance and mask use and hand hygiene subdomains was observed (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The hand hygiene scores of the individuals varied by age and gender, whereas the social distance and mask use scores varied by only gender. Based on the above mentioned results, the nurses should focus on the individuals' development of effective hygiene behaviors, and schedule and implement trainings according to the sociodemographic differences among the individuals.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os comportamentos de higiene dos indivíduos durante a pandemia da Doença Coronavírus-2019 (COVID-19). Método: Durante a pandemia (entre abril de 2021 a setembro de 2021), 439 adultos foram entrevistados on-line por médio do Google Forms, que avaliou as informações introdutórias e os comportamentos de higiene dos indivíduos, de acordo a Escala de Higiene COVID-19. Resultados: 71.3% dos participantes eram do sexo feminino e 68.3% tinham entre 18 e 33 anos. A pontuação média dos participantes de acordo a Escala de Higiene COVID-19 foi de 94.62 ± 26.56. Indivíduos pertencentes à faixa etária de 18 a 33 anos apresentaram escores de higiene das mãos significativamente mais altos do que as outras faixas etárias (p < 0.05). As mulheres apresentaram pontuações médias totais e de subdomínios mais altas na Escala de Higiene COVID-19 do que os homens. Observou-se diferença significativa entre os subdomínios distância social e uso de máscara e higiene das mãos (p < 0.05). Conclusão Os escores de higiene das mãos dos indivíduos variaram por idade e sexo, enquanto os escores de distância social e uso de máscara variaram apenas por gênero. Com base nos resultados referidos acima, os enfermeiros devem se concentrar em desenvolvimento de comportamentos de higiene eficazes nos indivíduos, agendar e implementar treinamentos de acordo com as diferenças sociodemográficas entre os indivíduos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Investigar las conductas de higiene de las personas durante la pandemia de la Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Método: Durante la pandemia (Abril de 2021-Septiembre de 2021), se encuestó en línea a 439 adultos a través de Formularios de Google, que evaluaron la información introductoria y las conductas de higiene de las personas como lo determine el COVID-19 Hygiene Scale. Resultados: De los participantes, el 71.3% eran mujeres y el 68.3% tenían entre 18 y 33 años. La puntuación media del COVID-19 Hygiene Scale de los participantes fue de 94.62 ± 26.56. Los individuos pertenecientes al grupo de edad de 18-33 años tuvieron puntuaciones de higiene de manos considerablemente más altas que los otros grupos de edad (p < 0.05). Las mujeres mostraron una puntuación media total y de subdominio más alta que los hombres en el COVID-19 Hygiene Scale. Se observó una diferencia importante entre la distancia social y los subdominios de uso de mascarilla e higiene de manos (p < 0.05). Conclusión: Las puntuaciones de higiene de manos de los individuos variaron por edad y sexo, mientras que las puntuaciones de distancia social y uso de mascarillas variaron solo por género. Basado en los resultados mencionados, las enfermeras deben enfocarse en el desarrollo de conductas efectivos de higiene de los individuos, y programar e implementar capacitaciones de acuerdo con las diferencias sociodemográficas entre los individuos.

Hand Dermatitis among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Frequency and Factors.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of hand dermatitis among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic and factors affecting its prevalence. METHODS: The research sample consisted of 175 nurses working in state hospitals. Research data were collected via Google survey between September and October 2020. The data were collected using a sociodemographic data collection form, and a self-assessment form was used to determine dermatologic symptoms. RESULTS: The frequency of hand dermatitis among nurses was 70.9%. A statistically significant difference was found between sex, allergy history, and increased frequency of handwashing and the frequency of hand dermatitis. No significant difference in terms of the frequency of hand dermatitis was found between nurses who provided care to patients who were COVID-19 positive versus nurses who provided care to patients who were COVID-19 negative. However, the frequency of washing hands and using hand disinfectants and hand creams was found to have increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the prepandemic period. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of hand dermatitis increased among nurses during the pandemic. The increased frequency of handwashing during the pandemic poses a risk for hand dermatitis among nurses, although this should not discourage nurses from appropriate hygiene.

The Effect of Different Audio Distraction Methods on Children's Postoperative Pain and Anxiety.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different auditory methods of attention distraction on postoperative pain and anxiety in children. DESIGN: The study was conducted as a pretest-posttest experimental study to determine the effect of classical music, Turkish music, and audiobook on the reduction of postoperative pain and anxiety in children. METHODS: The patient population of the study comprised children who had undergone a surgical operation in the pediatric surgery clinics. A total of 90 children were included in the sample of the study. The data were collected using the Visual Analog Scale, the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for children, in addition to the sociodemographic data form of the child and the parent. FINDINGS: Classical music, Turkish music, and audiobook methods played an effective role in decreasing postoperative pain and the anxiety state in children. Classical music listening was the most effective method in reducing the pain in children in the postoperative period in the three groups in the study. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that different auditory attention distraction methods had a decreasing effect on postoperative pain and anxiety in children.

Efficacy of Buzzy® on pain and anxiety during catheterization in children.

BACKGROUND: The use of a peripheral intravenous cannula is a common clinical practice, and it is known to be a major source of pain and anxiety in children. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the use of the Buzzy® on pain and anxiety in children during peripheral cannula application. METHODS: The research sample consisted of 60 children between the ages of 8 and 16. For children in the experimental group, external cold and vibration were applied by means of the Buzzy® device. Before and during the peripheral intravenous cannula procedure, the levels of fear and anxiety relating to the procedure of the child patients in both the experimental and control groups were assessed by the children themselves and by an independent observer. Immediately after the vein entry procedure had been carried out, the level of pain felt by the children was determined. RESULTS: The results of the statistical analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the anxiety levels of the groups before and after the procedure (P > 0.05). The results of the statistical analysis also showed no statistically significant difference between the postprocedural mean pain scores of the children as reported by the children themselves and by the observer (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, unlike most studies in the literature, the conclusion was reached that the use of the Buzzy® to reduce pain and anxiety during the application of a peripheral intravenous cannula in children was not effective.

Hand Dermatitis in Nursing Students.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of self-reported hand dermatitis and the factors influencing its prevalence among nursing students. METHODS: Researchers collected demographic data and used a self-assessment form to identify dermatologic symptoms. The questionnaires were distributed to the students and collected again after the students completed the forms. RESULTS: Hand dermatitis was present in 20.9% of nursing students. The most common symptoms were irritation/pruritus, redness/cracking, flaking/rash, swelling, and vesicles in hands. The grade of the student, the presence of allergy complaints, and medication used to treat dermatitis were statistically significantly associated with dermatitis prevalence. The use of gloves and cleansing agents used in handwashing were factors linked to hand dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Hand dermatitis increases in parallel with the increase of clinical practice hours among nursing students. Familial and environmental factors also increase the risk of hand dermatitis.